There's no single number — it's built from your situation. The standard approach is to work out: (1) the income you'd need to replace and to what age; (2) debts you'd want cleared, especially the mortgage; (3) future costs like education; then (4) subtract existing assets, savings and any cover you already hold. The gap that's left is your shortfall. One ceiling to factor in: income protection on new policies can't fully replace your salary — benefits are limited to 90% of earnings for the first six months of a claim and 70% thereafter, so the plan has to account for that 30% gap rather than assume full replacement.
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